Struts2

Struts 2 Sending Mails

In this chapter we will teach you how to send an email using your Struts 2 application. For this application, you need to download and install the mail.jar from JavaMail API 1.4.7 and place the mail.jar file in your WEB-INFlib folder and then proceed to follow the standard steps of creating action, view and configuration files.

Create Action:

The next step is to create an Action method that takes care of sending the email. Let us create a new class called MailAction.java with the following contents.

package com.dineshonjava.struts2.mail.action;

import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**
 * @author Dinesh Rajput
 *
 */
public class MailAction extends ActionSupport {

 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 private String from;
    private String password;
    private String to;
    private String subject;
    private String body;

    static Properties properties = new Properties();
    static
    {
       properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
       properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
       properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",
                      "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
       properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
       properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");
    }

    public String execute() 
    {
       String ret = SUCCESS;
       try
       {
          Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties,  
             new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
              protected PasswordAuthentication 
              getPasswordAuthentication() {
              return new 
              PasswordAuthentication(from, password);
             }});

          Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
          message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
          message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, 
             InternetAddress.parse(to));
          message.setSubject(subject);
          message.setText(body);
          Transport.send(message);
       }
       catch(Exception e)
       {
          ret = ERROR;
          e.printStackTrace();
       }
       return ret;
    }

    public String getFrom() {
       return from;
    }

    public void setFrom(String from) {
       this.from = from;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
       return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
       this.password = password;
    }

    public String getTo() {
       return to;
    }

    public void setTo(String to) {
       this.to = to;
    }

    public String getSubject() {
       return subject;
    }

    public void setSubject(String subject) {
       this.subject = subject;
    }

    public String getBody() {
       return body;
    }

    public void setBody(String body) {
       this.body = body;
    }

    public static Properties getProperties() {
       return properties;
    }

    public static void setProperties(Properties properties) {
     MailAction.properties = properties;
    }
}

As seen in the source code above, the MailAction.java has properties that correspond to the form attributes in the welcome.jsp page given below. These attributes are

  • from – The email address of the sender. As we are using Google’s SMTP, we need a valid gtalk id
  • password – The password of the above account
  • to – Who to send the email to?
  • Subject – subject of the email
  • body – The actual email message

We have not considered any validations on the above fields, validations will be added in the next chapter. Let us now look at the execute() method. The execute() method uses the javax Mail library to send an email using the supplied parameters. If the mail is sent successfully, action returns SUCCESS, otherwise it returns ERROR.

Create view pages:

Let us write main page JSP file welcome.jsp, which will be used to collect email related information mentioned above:
welcome.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
   pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Form</title>
</head>
<body>
   <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server. 
   So you need to enter a gmail username and password
   </em>
   <form action="emailer" method="post">
   <label for="from">From</label><br/>
   <input type="text" name="from"/><br/>
   <label for="password">Password</label><br/>
   <input type="password" name="password"/><br/>
   <label for="to">To</label><br/>
   <input type="text" name="to"/><br/>
   <label for="subject">Subject</label><br/>
   <input type="text" name="subject"/><br/>
   <label for="body">Body</label><br/>
   <input type="text" name="body"/><br/>
   <input type="submit" value="Send Email"/>
   </form>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp
We will use JSP file success.jsp which will be invoked in case action returns SUCCESS, but we will have another view file in case of an ERROR is returned from the action.

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
 pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Success</title>
</head>
<body>
   Your email to <s:property value="to"/> was sent successfully.
</body>
</html>

error.jsp
Following will be the view file error.jsp in case of an ERROR is returned from the action.

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
 pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Error</title>
</head>
<body>
   There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value="to"/>.
</body>
</html>

Configuration Files:

Now let us put everything together using the struts.xml configuration file as follows:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 
<struts>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" />
    <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="myapp" />
 
    <package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
        <action name="emailer" class="com.dineshonjava.struts2.mail.action.MailAction" method="execute">
            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
          <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
   
</struts>

Following is the content of web.xml file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>Struts2Mail</display-name>
  <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
        </filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>Welcome.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

Now, right click on the project name and click Export > WAR File to create a War file. Then deploy this WAR in the Tomcat’s webapps directory. Finally, start Tomcat server and try to access

URL http://localhost:8080/doj/welcome.jsp
This will give you following screen:

Enter the required information and click Send Email button. If everything goes fine then you should see the following page
http://localhost:8080/doj/emailer

See the Inbox of admin@dineshonjava.com as following.

 


If any error come to sending the mail the following is coming.

 

Download Source Code+Libs
Struts2Mail.zip

 

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Dinesh Rajput

Dinesh Rajput is the chief editor of a website Dineshonjava, a technical blog dedicated to the Spring and Java technologies. It has a series of articles related to Java technologies. Dinesh has been a Spring enthusiast since 2008 and is a Pivotal Certified Spring Professional, an author of a book Spring 5 Design Pattern, and a blogger. He has more than 10 years of experience with different aspects of Spring and Java design and development. His core expertise lies in the latest version of Spring Framework, Spring Boot, Spring Security, creating REST APIs, Microservice Architecture, Reactive Pattern, Spring AOP, Design Patterns, Struts, Hibernate, Web Services, Spring Batch, Cassandra, MongoDB, and Web Application Design and Architecture. He is currently working as a technology manager at a leading product and web development company. He worked as a developer and tech lead at the Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd and was the first developer in his previous company, Paytm. Dinesh is passionate about the latest Java technologies and loves to write technical blogs related to it. He is a very active member of the Java and Spring community on different forums. When it comes to the Spring Framework and Java, Dinesh tops the list!

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