Struts2

Model 1 and Model 2 (MVC) Architecture

Before developing the web applications, we need to have idea about design models. There are two types of programming models (design models)

  1. Model 1 Architecture
  2. Model 2 (MVC) Architecture

Model 1 Architecture

Servlet and JSP are the main technologies to develop the web applications.

Servlet was considered superior to CGI. Servlet technology doesn’t create process, rather it creates thread to handle request. The advantage of creating thread over process is that it doesn’t allocate separate memory area. Thus many subsequent requests can be easily handled by servlet.

Problem in Servlet technology Servlet needs to recompile if any designing code is modified. It doen’t provide separation of concern. Presentation and Business logic are mixed up.

JSP overcomes almost all the problems of Servlet. It provides better separation of concern, now presentation and business logic can be easily separated. You don’t need to redeploy the application if JSP page is modified. JSP provides support to develop web application using JavaBean, custom tags and JSTL so that we can put the business logic separate from our JSP that will be easier to test and debug.

As you can see in the above figure, there is pictured the flow of the model1 architecture.

  1. Browser sends request for the JSP page
  2. JSP accesses Java Bean and invokes business logic
  3. Java Bean connects to the database and get/save data
  4. Response is sent to the browser which is generated by JSP

Advantage of Model 1 Architecture

  • Easy and Quick to develop web application

Disadvantage of Model 1 Architecture

  1. Navigation control is decentralized since every page contains the logic to determine the next page. If JSP page name is changed that is referred by other pages, we need to change it in all the pages that leads to the maintenance problem.
  2. Time consuming You need to spend more time to develop custom tags in JSP. So that we don’t need to use scriptlet tag.
  3. Hard to extend It is better for small applications but not for large applications.

Model 2 (MVC) Architecture

Model 2 is based on the MVC (Model View Controller) design pattern. The MVC design pattern consists of three modules model, view and controller.

Model The model represents the state (data) and business logic of the application.

View The view module is responsible to display data i.e. it represents the presentation.

Controller The controller module acts as an interface between view and model. It intercepts all the requests i.e. receives input and commands to Model / View to change accordingly.

Advantage of Model 2 (MVC) Architecture

  1. Navigation control is centralized Now only controller contains the logic to determine the next page.
  2. Easy to maintain
  3. Easy to extend
  4. Easy to test
  5. Better separation of concerns

Disadvantage of Model 2 (MVC) Architecture

  1. We need to write the controller code self. If we change the controller code, we need to recompile the class and redeploy the application.

 

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Dinesh Rajput

Dinesh Rajput is the chief editor of a website Dineshonjava, a technical blog dedicated to the Spring and Java technologies. It has a series of articles related to Java technologies. Dinesh has been a Spring enthusiast since 2008 and is a Pivotal Certified Spring Professional, an author of a book Spring 5 Design Pattern, and a blogger. He has more than 10 years of experience with different aspects of Spring and Java design and development. His core expertise lies in the latest version of Spring Framework, Spring Boot, Spring Security, creating REST APIs, Microservice Architecture, Reactive Pattern, Spring AOP, Design Patterns, Struts, Hibernate, Web Services, Spring Batch, Cassandra, MongoDB, and Web Application Design and Architecture. He is currently working as a technology manager at a leading product and web development company. He worked as a developer and tech lead at the Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd and was the first developer in his previous company, Paytm. Dinesh is passionate about the latest Java technologies and loves to write technical blogs related to it. He is a very active member of the Java and Spring community on different forums. When it comes to the Spring Framework and Java, Dinesh tops the list!

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