1. JDBC-ODBC bridge:
The JDBC type 1 driver, also known as the JDBC-ODBC bridge, is a database driver implementation that employs the ODBC driver to connect to the database. The driver converts JDBC method calls into ODBC function calls.
The JDBC type 2 driver, also known as the Native-API driver, is a database driver implementation that uses the client-side libraries of the database. The driver converts JDBC method calls into native calls of the database API.For example: Oracle OCI driver is a Type 2 Driver.
As there is no implementation of jdbc-odbc bridge, its considerably faster than a type 1 driver.
The vendor client library needs to be installed on the client machine.
Schematic of the Native-Protocol driver.The JDBC type 4 driver, also known as the Direct to Database Pure Java Driver, is a database driver implementation that converts JDBC calls directly into a vendor-specific database protocol.
Step 1: Loading a database driver: The first thing you need to do before you can open a database connection is to load the JDBC driver for the database.
Class.forName(”sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”);
Step 2: Opening the Connection
To open a database connection you use the java.sql.DriverManager class.
String url = "jdbc:h2:~/test"; String user = "sa"; String password = ""; Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
Step 3: Creating a jdbc Statement object: Once a connection is obtained we can interact with the database.
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
A statement object is used to send and execute SQL statements to a database.
Statement: Execute simple sql queries without parameters.
Statement createStatement()
Creates an SQL Statement object.
Prepared Statement: Execute precompiled sql queries with or without parameters.
PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
returns a new PreparedStatement object. PreparedStatement objects are precompiled
SQL statements.
Callable Statement: Execute a call to a database stored procedure.
CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql)
returns a new CallableStatement object. CallableStatement objects are SQL stored procedure call statements.
Step 4: Closing the Connection
Once you are done using the database connection you should close it. This is done by calling the Connection.close() method, like this:
connection.close();
Example-
import java.sql.*; class TestRetrieve { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); Connection c=DriverManager.getConnection("Jdbc:Odbc:mydsn"); Statement s=c.createStatement(); ResultSet result1=s.executeQuery("select * from emp"); while(result1.next()) { System.out.println(result1.getString(1)); System.out.println(result1.getString(2)); } }catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch(Exception i) { System.out.println(i); } } }
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