Core JAVA

Exception propagation in Java

An exception is first thrown from the top of the stack and if it is not caught, it drops down the call stack to the previous method,If not caught there, the exception again drops down to the previous method, and so on until they are caught or until they reach the very bottom of the call stack.This is called exception propagation.

Note: By default Unchecked Exceptions are forwarded in calling chain (propagated).

class ExceptionPropagation{
  void m(){
    int data = 10/0;
  }
  void n(){
    m();
  }
  void p(){
   try{
    n();
   }catch(Exception e){
      System.out.println("exception handled");
   }
  }
  public static void main(String args[]){
   ExceptionPropagation obj = new ExceptionPropagation();
   obj.p();
   System.out.println("normal flow...");
  }
}

output here:

In the following figure show the stack presentation of the exception propagation flow.

In the above example exception occurs in m() method where it is not handled,so it is propagated to previous n() method where it is not handled, again it is propagated to p() method where exception is handled.

Exception can be handled in any method in call stack either in main() method,p() method,n() method or m() method.

Note: By default, Checked Exceptions are not forwarded in calling chain (propagated).

class ExceptionPropagation{
  void m(){
    throw new java.io.IOException("device error");//checked exception
  }
  void n(){
    m();
  }
  void p(){
   try{
    n();
   }catch(Exception e){
    System.out.println("exception handeled");
   }
  }
  public static void main(String args[]){
   ExceptionPropagation obj = new ExceptionPropagation();
   obj.p();
   System.out.println("normal flow");
  }
}

In the above Program which describes that checked exceptions are not propagated.

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Dinesh Rajput

Dinesh Rajput is the chief editor of a website Dineshonjava, a technical blog dedicated to the Spring and Java technologies. It has a series of articles related to Java technologies. Dinesh has been a Spring enthusiast since 2008 and is a Pivotal Certified Spring Professional, an author of a book Spring 5 Design Pattern, and a blogger. He has more than 10 years of experience with different aspects of Spring and Java design and development. His core expertise lies in the latest version of Spring Framework, Spring Boot, Spring Security, creating REST APIs, Microservice Architecture, Reactive Pattern, Spring AOP, Design Patterns, Struts, Hibernate, Web Services, Spring Batch, Cassandra, MongoDB, and Web Application Design and Architecture. He is currently working as a technology manager at a leading product and web development company. He worked as a developer and tech lead at the Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd and was the first developer in his previous company, Paytm. Dinesh is passionate about the latest Java technologies and loves to write technical blogs related to it. He is a very active member of the Java and Spring community on different forums. When it comes to the Spring Framework and Java, Dinesh tops the list!

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