<p>In this article, you’ll be given an overview of Spring Bean Life cycle managed by the spring container, including understanding of Spring containers and IoC. You’ll also get an overview of the spring bean life cycle call back handlers and post processors. The Spring Framework provide several call back methods to created a bean and some method to be destroy the bean in the <a href="https://dineshonjava.com/spring-ioc-container/">Spring IoC Container</a>.</p>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img src="https://dineshonjava.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Spring-Bean-Life-Cycle.jpg" border="0" /></div>
<p><b><i>@ImageSource-Youtube</i></b></p>
<div style="color: #274e13;">The Spring Framework provides several marker interfaces to change the behavior of your bean in the <a href="https://dineshonjava.com/spring-ioc-container/">container</a>; they include<i> <b> InitializingBean </b></i>and <i><b> DisposableBean</b></i>. Implementing these interfaces will result in the container calling <b><i> </i></b><b><i>afterPropertiesSet</i></b>() for the former and <b><i> </i></b><b><i>destroy</i></b>() for the latter to allow the bean to perform certain actions upon initialization and destruction.</div>
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<h2>Understanding Spring bean life cycle</h2>
<div style="color: #274e13;">The Spring bean life cycle is easy to understand. When a bean is instantiated, it may be required to perform some initialization to get it into a usable state. Similarly, when the bean is no longer required and is removed from the <a href="https://dineshonjava.com/spring-ioc-container/">container</a>, some cleanup may be required.</div>
<p></p>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Though, there is lists of the activities that take place behind the scenes between the time of bean Instantiation and its destruction, but this chapter will discuss only <b>two important bean life cycle callback methods</b> which are required at the time of bean initialization and its destruction.</div>
<p></p>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Beans can be notified after creation and all properties are set, and before they are destroyed and removed from the <a style="color: #274e13;" href="https://dineshonjava.com/spring-ioc-container/">bean container</a>. This involves specifying the callback method to be invoked by the <a style="color: #274e13;" href="https://dineshonjava.com/spring-ioc-container/">container</a>. This is done in XML by specifying attributes <i style="color: #274e13;"><b>init-method=&#8221;myinit&#8221;</b></i>, for the initialization callback, and <i style="color: #274e13;"><b>destroy-method=&#8221;mydestroy&#8221;,</b></i> for the destroy callback. &#8220;<i><b>myinit</b></i>&#8221; and &#8220;<i><b>cleanUp</b></i>&#8221; are names of instance methods in the bean class.</div>
<h3 style="color: #274e13;"><b>Initialization callbacks</b></h3>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Implementing the <em>org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean</em> interface allows a bean to perform initialization work after all necessary properties on the bean are set by the container. The InitializingBean interface specifies exactly one method:<br />
org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean interface provide Initialization callbacks method as given below..</div>
</div>
<pre class="highlight">void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception 
</pre>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Now we can implements above interface and do some initialization functionality with in this method. As below..</div>
<pre class="highlight">public class Triangle implements InitializingBean 
{ 
 @Override 
 public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception 
 { 
 //To do some initialization works here 
 System.out.println("InitializingBean init method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
} 
</pre>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Generally, the use of the InitializingBean interface can be avoided (and is discouraged since it unnecessarily couples the code to Spring). A bean definition provides support for a generic initialization method to be specified. In the case of XML-based configuration metadata, this is done using the &#8216;init-method&#8217; attribute. For example, the following definition:<br />
In the case of <b>XML-based configuration</b> metadata, we can use the <b>init-method</b> attribute to specify the name of the method that has a void no-argument signature. For example:</div>
<pre class="highlight"><;bean class="com.dineshonjava.sdnext.callbackLifecycle.tutorial.Triangle" id="triangle" init-method="myInit">;<;/bean>; 
</pre>
<p> ;</p>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Now following has <b>myInit </b>method in class.</div>
<pre class="highlight">public class Triangle 
{ 
 public void myInit() 
 { 
 //To do some initialization works here 
 System.out.println("My init method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
} 
</pre>
<div style="color: #274e13;"><b>Now using Java annotations can also be used to declare bean life cycle callbacks.</b></div>
<pre class="highlight">public class Triangle 
{ 
 //init callback 
 @PostConstruct 
 public void myInit() 
 { 
 //To do some initialization works here 
 System.out.println("My init method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
} 
</pre>
</div>
<h3 style="color: #274e13;"><b>Destruction callbacks</b></h3>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Implementing the <em>org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean</em> interface allows a bean to get a callback when the container containing it is destroyed. The DisposableBean interface specifies one method:</div>
<pre class="highlight">void destroy() throws Exception 
</pre>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Now we can implements above interface and do some Destruction functionality with in this method. As below..</div>
<pre class="highlight">public class Triangle implements DisposableBean 
{ 
 @Override 
 public void destroy() throws Exception 
 { 
 //To do some Destruction works here 
 System.out.println("DisposableBean destroy method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
} 
</pre>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Generally, the use of the DisposableBean marker interface can be avoided (and is discouraged since it unnecessarily couples the code to Spring). A bean definition provides support for a generic destroy method to be specified. When using XML-based configuration metadata this is done via the &#8216;destroy-method&#8217; attribute on the . For example, the following definition:<br />
In the case of <b>XML-based configuration</b> metadata, we can use the <b>destroy-method</b> attribute to specify the name of the method that has a void no-argument signature. For example:</div>
<pre class="highlight"><;bean class="com.dineshonjava.sdnext.callbackLifecycle.tutorial.Triangle" destroy-method="cleanUp" id="triangle">;<;/bean>; 
</pre>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Now following has <b>cleanUp </b>method in class.</div>
<pre class="highlight">public class Triangle 
{ 
 public void cleanUp() 
 { 
 //To do some Destruction works here 
 System.out.println("cleanUp method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
} 
</pre>
<div style="color: #274e13;"><b>Now using Java annotations can also be used to declare bean life cycle callbacks.</b></div>
<pre class="highlight">public class Triangle 
{ 
 //destroy callback 
 @PreDestroy 
 public void myInit() 
 { 
 //To do some Destruction works here 
 System.out.println("cleanUp method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
} 
</pre>
<p>If you are using <b><a style="color: #274e13;" href="https://dineshonjava.com/spring-ioc-container/">Spring&#8217;s IoC container</a></b> in a non-web application environment; for example, in a rich client desktop environment; you register a shutdown hook with the <b><a style="color: #274e13;" href="https://dineshonjava.com/java-virtual-machine/">JVM</a></b>. Doing so ensures a graceful shutdown and calls the relevant destroy methods on your singleton beans so that all resources are released.</p>
<div style="color: #274e13;"></div>
<div style="color: #274e13;">It is recommended that you do not use the InitializingBean or DisposableBean callbacks, because XML configuration gives much flexibility in terms of naming your method.</div>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Lets see the Example:</div>
<p><b>Triangle.java</b></p>
<pre class="highlight">package com.dineshonjava.sdnext.callbackLifecycle.tutorial; 
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; 
 
 
public class Triangle implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean 
{ 
 private Point pointA; 
 private Point pointB; 
 private Point pointC; 
 /** 
 * @param pointA the pointA to set 
 */ 
 public void setPointA(Point pointA) { 
 this.pointA = pointA; 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * @param pointB the pointB to set 
 */ 
 public void setPointB(Point pointB) { 
 this.pointB = pointB; 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * @param pointC the pointC to set 
 */ 
 public void setPointC(Point pointC) { 
 this.pointC = pointC; 
 } 
 
 public void draw() 
 { 
System.out.println("PointA is ("+pointA.getX()+", "+pointA.getY()+")"); 
System.out.println("PointB is ("+pointB.getX()+", "+pointB.getY()+")"); 
System.out.println("PointC is ("+pointC.getX()+", "+pointC.getY()+")"); 
 } 
 
 @Override 
 public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception 
 { 
System.out.println("InitializingBean init method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
 
 @Override 
 public void destroy() throws Exception 
 { 
System.out.println("DisposableBean destroy method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
 
 public void myInit() 
 { 
 System.out.println("My init method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
 
 public void cleanUp() 
 { 
 System.out.println("cleanUp method is called for Triangle"); 
 } 
} 
</pre>
<p><b>Point.java</b></p>
<pre class="highlight">package com.dineshonjava.sdnext.callbackLifecycle.tutorial; 
 
public class Point 
{ 
 private int x; 
 private int y; 
 /** 
 * @return the x 
 */ 
 public int getX() { 
 return x; 
 } 
 /** 
 * @param x the x to set 
 */ 
 public void setX(int x) { 
 this.x = x; 
 } 
 /** 
 * @return the y 
 */ 
 public int getY() { 
 return y; 
 } 
 /** 
 * @param y the y to set 
 */ 
 public void setY(int y) { 
 this.y = y; 
 } 
} 
</pre>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Following is the configuration file Spring.xml required for <b>init </b>and <b>destroy </b>methods.</div>
<p><b>Spring.xml</b></p>
<pre class="highlight"><;beans xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:> 
<div style="color: #274e13;">Once you are done with creating source and bean configuration files, let us run the following application. If everything is fine with your application, this will print the following message:</div> 
<pre class="highlight">package com.dineshonjava.sdnext.callbackLifecycle.tutorial; 
 
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext; 
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; 
 
 
/** 
 * @author Dinesh Rajput 
 * 
 */ 
public class DrawingApp 
{ 
 /** 
 * @param args 
 */ 
 public static void main(String[] args) 
 { 
AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml"); 
context.registerShutdownHook(); 
Triangle triangle = (Triangle) context.getBean("triangle"); 
triangle.draw(); 
 } 
 
} 
</pre>
<div style="background-color: #ff99cc; border-width: thin; border: solid;">
<div style="color: blue;"><b>Output:</b></div>
<div style="color: red;">Jul 1, 2012 2:48:33 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh</div>
<div style="color: red;">INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@ab50cd: startup date [Sun Jul 01 14:48:33 IST 2012]; root of context hierarchy</div>
<div style="color: red;">Jul 1, 2012 2:48:33 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions</div>
<div style="color: red;">INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring.xml]</div>
<div style="color: red;">Jul 1, 2012 2:48:33 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons</div>
<div style="color: red;">INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1543c88: defining beans [triangle,pointA,pointB,pointC]; root of factory hierarchy</div>
<p><b>InitializingBean init method is called for Triangle</b><br />
<b>My init method is called for Triangle</b><br />
<b>PointA is (0, 0)</b><br />
<b>PointB is (-20, 0)</b><br />
<b>PointC is (20, 0)</b></p>
<div style="color: red;">Jul 1, 2012 2:48:33 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext doClose</div>
<div style="color: red;">INFO: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@ab50cd: startup date [Sun Jul 01 14:48:33 IST 2012]; root of context hierarchy</div>
<p><b>DisposableBean destroy method is called for Triangle</b><br />
<b>cleanUp method is called for Triangle</b></p>
</div>
</div>
<h3 style="color: #274e13;"><b>Default initialization and destroy methods</b></h3>
<div style="color: #274e13;">If you have too many beans having initialization and or destroy methods with the same name, you don't need to declare init-method and destroy-method on each individual bean. Instead framework provides the flexibility to configure such situation using default-init-method and default-destroy-method attributes on the <;beans>; element as follows:</div>
<div style="color: #274e13;"><b>spring.xml</b></div>
<pre class="highlight"><;beans default-destroy-method="cleanUp" default-init-method="myInit" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:></p>
<div style="color: #274e13;">Now again run the application with above the configuration file we will get the following output:</div>
<div style="background-color: #ff99cc; border-width: thin; border: solid;">
<div style="color: blue;"><b>Output:</b></div>
<div style="color: red;">Jul 1, 2012 2:58:00 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh</div>
<div style="color: red;">INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@ab50cd: startup date [Sun Jul 01 14:58:00 IST 2012]; root of context hierarchy</div>
<div style="color: red;">Jul 1, 2012 2:58:00 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions</div>
<div style="color: red;">INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring.xml]</div>
<div style="color: red;">Jul 1, 2012 2:58:01 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons</div>
<div style="color: red;">INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1543c88: defining beans [triangle,pointA,pointB,pointC]; root of factory hierarchy</div>
<p><b>InitializingBean init method is called for Triangle</b><br />
<b>My init method is called for Triangle</b><br />
<b>PointA is (0, 0)</b><br />
<b>PointB is (-20, 0)</b><br />
<b>PointC is (20, 0)</b><br />
<b>DisposableBean destroy method is called for Triangle</b><br />
<b>cleanUp method is called for Triangle</b></p>
</div>
</div>
<p> ;</p>
<div style="background-color: #f2f9fc; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid #c9e6f2; line-height: 1.45; padding: 16px;">
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<div style="color: #274e13;"><b>In <a href="https://dineshonjava.com/writing-beanpostprocessor-in-spring/">Next Chapter</a> we will discuss about to </b><b></b><b><a href="https://dineshonjava.com/writing-beanpostprocessor-in-spring/">Writing BeanPostProcessor in Spring</a>.</b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b> <;<; <a href="https://dineshonjava.com/bean-definition-inheritance-in-spring/">Previous</a> || <a href="https://dineshonjava.com//writing-beanpostprocessor-in-spring/">Next</a> >;>; </b></div>
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